In focus

05.12.2025

Solar Power for Vulnerable Facilities

Solar Power for Vulnerable Facilities

Over the past few weeks, Green Cross Switzerland (GCCH) has been receiving an increasing number of requests for support with the installation of solar systems in frontline regions such as Sumy, Kharkiv and Chernihiv. These requests come from medical facilities, schools and kindergartens that often have to cope with power outages lasting up to 19 hours.

We would like to show you how profoundly GCCH’s support can improve conditions in such institutions, using the example of the “Lisova Kazka” (“Forest Fairy Tale”) kindergarten in Chernihiv.

As the war in Ukraine has continued, the need for an independent power supply has become critical. Frequent outages pose a particular challenge for kindergartens like Lisova Kazka, as young children are especially vulnerable to the terrors of war and rely even more than adults on warmth and light. It is essential that they can feel safe.

For this reason, we installed a 50 kW solar power system at Lisova Kazka. Around 250 children aged two to six now benefit from it, together with 30 teachers and 37 other staff members. Dependence on the central grid has been significantly reduced. As long as the grid remains operational, the installed batteries can be charged both via solar power and from the grid. The kindergarten therefore has two ways of bridging power cuts.

Why did GCCH decide to support this particular kindergarten?

The city of Chernihiv is under constant attack. Power outages of up to 12 hours are currently commonplace. The surrounding region is also extremely poor and was deeply affected by the Chernobyl disaster long before the war. It is therefore a key focus of our work.

The kindergarten also provides dedicated care for children with special needs, who are often especially sensitive to the psychological impact of the conflict and are taught in a separate group. Other specialist groups support children with speech disorders. Due to frequent air-raid alerts, the children sometimes have to stay in shelters for several hours. Thanks to the renewable-energy solution, they now face these situations with far less fear.

The building itself was damaged during fighting. With the support of the education authorities and various humanitarian organisations, including GCCH, extensive reconstruction work has been carried out: window replacement, modernisation of the heating system, refurbishment of group rooms, and the creation of shelters and a new playground.

Installing the solar system with battery storage was the next logical step towards energy independence, improved safety and sustainable development. Today, the kindergarten can operate without interruption and provide children with warmth, light, balanced meals and a stable learning environment – even during power outages.

For the kindergarten’s director, Nataliia Prymakova, this solution means “the certainty that even on the hardest days we can continue to be there for our children. Solar energy is a pure source of life – it gives our children light, security and hope.”

In addition, the project helps raise environmental awareness within the community and gives the children an early understanding of the importance of renewable energy.

Given the sharply increasing urgency, we are now seeking to expand this effort and equip further vulnerable facilities in frontline regions with renewable-energy solutions. Especially at Christmas time and in the midst of another harsh winter, the solidarity of philanthropists like you becomes a precious beacon of hope – a genuine gift to the people of Ukraine.

13.10.2025

Phuong’s Story

Phuong’s Story

An Exceptional Project Partner

Today, we would like to share the story of a man affected by Agent Orange who, despite the most difficult circumstances, has managed to lead a full and meaningful life.

Nguyen Ngoc Phuong was born on 6 April 1981 in the village of Chau Son 1, Que An commune, near Mount Duong La in Quang Nam province.

He was born prematurely at under seven months, weighing just 800 grams and measuring less than 20 centimetres – around a quarter of the weight of an average newborn and less than half the typical length.

Phuong spent his childhood on a hillside surrounded by dense, shadowy vegetation. While other children went to school, he was frequently ill. His frailty and very small size made learning impossible. Some parents even forbade their children from playing with him – the boy who spent his days confined within four walls.

At that time, no one understood the cause of his disability. Many believed it to be a curse – punishment for the supposed misdeeds of his ancestors in a previous life. Rejection by the community and a sense of hopelessness were the family’s constant companions.

In 1987, Phuong’s younger sister, Nguyen Thi Hieu, was born – also with a disability. The family lived in extreme poverty. Though devastated, the parents refused to give up on their children.

They were determined to do everything they could to find treatment and offer them a future.

When Phuong was around nine or ten years old, he could no longer sleep at night. He would hear his mother coughing endlessly and felt deep compassion for her. One day, some of his father’s former comrades came to visit and told him: “You were exposed to Agent Orange. That’s why your children are disabled.”

At that moment, Phuong wanted to die, simply to end his mother’s suffering. Yet he also knew he could not abandon her – the woman who had loved and protected him all those years.

At the age of eleven, he made a decision: to leave his village, become independent, and change his life.

The path towards independence

The love of his parents – along with the pain and rejection he experienced – gave Phuong the strength to leave for the city to learn a trade.

Because of his short stature, no one was willing to take him on at first. So he began observing how lighters were refilled at petrol stations. With the money he had received as a Lunar New Year gift, he bought a few tools and an empty lighter and began refilling those of his neighbours and his father.

As a teenager, he trained to become a watchmaker.

At around 19 or 20 years old, Phuong travelled to Ho Chi Minh City to start an apprenticeship in an electronics workshop. When the owner saw the neatly dressed young man, he called to his wife, joking: “Darling, there’s an alien here – do you think I should take him on as an apprentice?”

After a trial period, the owner handed him twelve boxes filled with different screws. Phuong carefully sorted them all. Impressed, the man said: “What I need is your mind, not your body.”

He offered Phuong a proper apprenticeship – with the same pay as everyone else. Phuong stayed with him for ten years.

Despite all the hardships, Phuong is now a teacher, thanks to his determination and perseverance. He teaches and mentors dozens of children who, like him, have faced hardship and discrimination.

A life of courage

The lives and unshakeable will of Nguyen Ngoc Phuong and his sister, Nguyen Thi Hieu, powerfully demonstrate how, even in the most difficult circumstances, people can find hope and the strength to move forward.

Today, Phuong cares for victims of Agent Orange as well as disadvantaged children and young people at a day centre in Da Nang. The centre, supported by Green Cross Switzerland and run by DAVA (“Da Nang Association for Victims of Agent Orange”), provides a place of safety, learning, and hope.

Not everyone has his strength – and that’s where we come in

The positive turn in Phuong’s life would not have been possible for many others in a similar situation. It was only through his willpower, intelligence, and the unwavering love of his parents that he succeeded.

Yet many other victims of Agent Orange still wait in vain for the help they so desperately need, and their lives often take a tragic course.

For more than 25 years, Green Cross Switzerland has been working in Vietnam in a range of different ways to ensure that these people are not forgotten and receive the support they deserve. Thanks to the solidarity of our donors, we can continue to transform lives – for good.

The photo in this article was taken by Roland Schmid.

10.04.2025

Interview with Project Partner Peter Jenni

Interview with Project Partner Peter Jenni

It is his love for Vietnam and its people that drives Peter Jenni’s philanthropic work. The Swiss national, who has been living in Vietnam since December 2016, founded the Charity Project Krong Buk (CPKB) together with his wife Tran Thi Hiep. Based in Switzerland, the charity has been providing valuable social support to people in need since 2020. Among them are a large number of victims suffering from the long-term effects of Agent Orange used in the Vietnam War. Many of them have severe mental or physical disabilities. This is also the focus of its cooperation with GCCH, which was established two years ago. This cooperation is a valuable addition to GCCH’s other projects in Vietnam. The CPKB brings real, practical help, joy and hope to the lives of people who are dependent on support. Wherever possible, it also paves the way for them to independently improve their living conditions.

In this interview, we would like to introduce Peter Jenni and the work of the CPKB, which we support, to our donors and other interested parties. The questions were asked by GCCH employee and historian Samuel Müller-Zwahlen.

Dear Peter, who are you? How would you describe yourself and your life so far?
Put simply: I’m a “Seebueb” [man of the lakes]. Others are better placed to describe me, but I’d say I’m a person with two homelands. On one hand, I’m a committed Swiss citizen. On the other, I’ve deliberately chosen Vietnam as my second home and hope to spend the second half of my life here.

 Back to the lakes.  I was born in the Zurich district of Seebach [“Lakebrook” – the name was a sign], but spent most of my childhood and youth in Rüschlikon on Lake Zurich. This had a profound influence on me. Rüschlikon had an independent youth centre, and I was on its steering committee from a young age. Later, I got married, and my two sons, Marc and Jan, were born in 1990 and 1992. They grew up by Lake Walen, where we lived for more than 20 years.

I felt drawn to water in Vietnam, too – I wanted a house by the sea. That didn’t work out for two reasons: firstly, coastal properties were expensive, and secondly, I was concerned about climate change – rising sea levels and more frequent storms. I experienced a storm first-hand in the coastal city of Nha Trang, where I initially lived, and decided it wasn’t feasible. Then my wife found a beautiful plot of land by a lake – and so once again, I ended up living by a lake.

So that’s clear: lakes are where you truly feel at home.
Yes! Even today, whenever I see a lake, I pause for a while. Lakes give me a sense of stability. I’m drawn to the view into the distance – not infinite, but far-reaching.

How did you end up in Vietnam?
It’s a bit of a long story. For 20 years, I worked part-time in public relations for the Food Inspection and Veterinary Office in St. Gallen. The other half of my time I spent running my company, TEXTartelier. I also took part in mountain bike races. Eventually, it all became too much – I was on the verge of burnout. Fortunately, I got help in time. My therapist advised me to take a longer break. The canton of St. Gallen supported this. I used the time to go cycling – at a slower pace. Looking at a map, I came across Vietnam, a country I had never visited. So, I planned a cycling tour from the north to the south.

 After about six weeks, I arrived in Nha Trang – and realised I wanted to live in Vietnam. I was taken by the climate and the cheerful people. Life here seemed simpler than in Switzerland, and for that reason, happier.

So, based in a hotel in Saigon, I planned my emigration. It turned out to be quite straightforward. During that time, I also met my wife. I returned to Switzerland for a year to say goodbye and get ready for the move.

In the meantime, however, I was diagnosed with tongue cancer. I had to undergo surgery and radiotherapy. I told the doctors, “Do what you need to do, but by the end of the year, I’m going to Vietnam.” One of the doctors – a chain smoker with an impressive beard – asked me what I’d eat there, considering the limitations caused by my illness. I replied, “I’ll eat beer and drink wine!” That convinced him. These days, I’m managing well. Medical care here is good – but sadly, only for those who can afford it.

Are there any particular things that fascinate you about Vietnam? What bothers you? How would you describe the country to someone in Switzerland who’s never been there?
With a few exceptions – like dealing with authorities – life in Vietnam is noticeably more relaxed. People are generally very open, cheerful and helpful. In Switzerland, people aren’t used to strangers striking up conversations. In Vietnam, that’s completely normal.

Another thing I appreciate is that you rarely need to worry about your phone or wallet being stolen. But you do need to be careful when asking questions – instead of saying “I don’t know,” people might give you an incorrect answer. They simply don’t want to admit they don’t know something.

People here work hard and don’t think much about whether it’s a Saturday or Sunday. Yet they also make time for socialising, especially in rural areas. You’re almost never alone. Several generations often live under one roof, which is not just tradition but often essential for survival. Many elderly people rely on their children for support. Retirement homes are rare, and pensions are low – if they exist at all.

In the cities, particularly in high-end hotels, you meet people who are better off. They can sometimes be ostentatious – often like nouveaux riches.

What saddens me is the poverty. For someone in my position, it’s impossible not to notice.

And you’ve committed yourself to addressing it. How did the Krong Buk Charity Project come about?
When I set off in the morning on my motorbike – to get a coffee, for example – I was often in a bad mood. Then I’d encounter the Ede people, an ethnic minority who live nearby, often in one-room longhouses built in swampy, muddy areas. I’d see children covered in dirt but full of laughter. Their joy was infectious. I asked myself: why are they so happy – and why am I, Peter Jenni, such a grump? I felt a powerful urge to give something back to the children.

My wife asked the local council what these children needed. We learned that many families couldn’t afford school supplies – books, stationery, or schoolbags. They have to pay for everything themselves, including school uniforms. Children whose families cannot afford these uniforms are excluded from certain school events. Also, the school system is built around private tuition, which teachers use to supplement their low salaries. Families must pay for that too.

 So, my wife contacted the schools. We started by funding schoolbags and books. It quickly became clear we needed a formal structure for our support. That’s when I decided to establish a charitable association in Appenzell, Switzerland. I also reached out to contacts I had in Switzerland.

And what happened next?
The first donations came in quickly, and so did more requests for help. Since then, we’ve been supporting people in need in our region of Đắk Lắk. We never give out cash, only practical aid, always in cooperation with the local community, schools, the Women’s Union or the Communist Youth Union. Without these partners, our work wouldn’t be effective – we couldn’t do all the background checks ourselves.

How do you evaluate the impact of your aid and safeguard it for the future?
We ourselves assess whether our support is appropriate. Some families affected by Agent Orange already receive support from other sources. In such cases, we prioritise those who need us more.

We’ve also had success with ‘helping people to help themselves’. For instance, we provide families with a cow, that we continue to own, and receive a share of the proceeds. We cover costs like veterinary care. This model has been running for a year now and we’ve already seen the first returns. The recipients become active participants, not just beneficiaries. They take responsibility and actively work to improve their own situation.

How did your collaboration with GCCH begin?
When I set up the charity, I needed board members. My dear friend, pastor and GCCH staff member Jakob Vetsch came to mind. I was the first journalist to write about his online pastoral care, about 30 years ago. Also, [GCCH founder] Roland Wiederkehr was my primary school teacher in Uitikon-Waldegg. I always kept an eye on his work, though we lost touch after school.

The issue of Agent Orange ties directly into GCCH’s mission, and through our collaboration, I’ve come to appreciate just how dedicated and effective your work is. It’s remarkable how much can be achieved with modest donations – for example, 300 Swiss francs can fund a daycare place for a severely affected child for a whole year, enabling relatives to work and escape poverty.

You’ve hinted at your motivation – could you expand on that?
Around 50% of the Ede people are illiterate. I firmly believe education is the first and most important step out of poverty. That’s why we focus so heavily on schools. Even a simple calculator costing 8 Swiss francs – something a family might not afford – can make a world of difference. Education empowers children to support their families, sometimes by finding work in a city. That’s a key motivation for me.

Just recently, we handed out school backpacks again – the joy was overwhelming. The children were so grateful for the chance to simply go to school. Things we take for granted can mean the world to them.

Are there any other successful projects you’d like to highlight?
Yes, in addition to the example of our work with schools, I am thinking of food deliveries for people in extreme need, which we are able to provide thanks to GCCH. I would like to illustrate this with the example of a woman in her eighties. Her daughter, in her forties, is severely affected by Agent Orange and requires constant care and assistance. She can only lie on the bed or on the floor. When I first saw her, she just screamed – it was very hard to bear. But then I was told that she was actually very happy about my visit. The woman’s daughter cannot be cared for in a nursing home. The elderly mother has to both work and care for her disabled child. For 40 Swiss francs, we can support them for an entire month with essential food supplies – a small investment that makes a big difference.

It is also incredibly valuable that we are able to identify people affected by Agent Orange and arrange medical assessments and support for them. In this area, we work closely not only with GCCH, but also with organisations such as DAVA (Da Nang Association for Victims of Agent Orange).

What has had the deepest emotional impact on you?
Meeting people with severe disabilities. It’s difficult to take in, but also deeply rewarding to be able to help in a tangible way. As I’ve said, the joy and gratitude of these individuals are so moving. Their happiness can be hard for outsiders to understand, but their families often assure me that they truly are happy.

And your biggest challenge so far?
Raising enough donations for the projects. Beyond that, we’re managing well. My wife organises supplies, and I focus on fundraising. Together, we plan and implement the aid projects.

One issue that needs more attention is littering – it’s a serious problem here. Education could help instil greater environmental responsibility, especially among the younger generation.

What are your hopes for the future?
First, I’d like to thank GCCH. The collaboration is incredibly valuable – it strengthens my bond to Switzerland while making a real difference here in Vietnam.

My hope is that the work continues uninterrupted and that we can keep supporting one another.

We can only thank you in return. It’s a privilege to work with trusted local partners who share our values and in whom we are confident.
 I feel the same – and I’m looking forward to our future cooperation!

We are too, Peter – thank you for taking the time to share your experiences and perspectives with us – it’s been a truly enriching conversation!

21.03.2025

The Toxic Legacy of the Vietnam War

The Toxic Legacy of the Vietnam War

A cautionary tale: this is what the Vietnam War represents for our present day, marked by crises and conflicts. Its history serves as a stark reminder of the devastating long-term consequences of war and how suffering often persists for generations long after the fighting has ceased.

This year, 30 April marks the 50th anniversary of the end of the Vietnam War. Over the past half-century, the consequences for the Vietnamese population have remained severe. The war’s impact on social conditions and the psychological wellbeing of the people is still deeply felt. To this day, countless landmines and unexploded bombs remain hidden beneath the ground, instilling fear and continuing to cause serious injuries, maiming and loss of life. Furthermore, the use of the defoliant Agent Orange by the US Air Force and allies of the U.S. between 1965 and 1970 continues to have fatal repercussions.

Children are still being born with severe physical and mental disabilities as a direct result of Agent Orange exposure, now affecting the fourth generation, with no end in sight. Unfortunately, efforts to provide effective assistance to those affected remain inadequate. This is where Green Cross Switzerland (GCCH) has been actively engaged in Vietnam since 1998. One key focus is the regular provision of orthopaedic aids for individuals affected by Agent Orange. For many, these prosthetic limbs and orthotic devices are essential for leading an independent life and integrating into society. However, such aids are often unaffordable and are not covered by health insurance.

This year, GCCH is not only expanding its aid projects in Vietnam but also bringing greater visibility to its efforts. Swiss television audiences could witness the impact of our projects in a report on the SRF 1 programme “mitenand” on Sunday, 23 March at 7.15pm (now available here, in German). The programme highlights how prostheses funded by GCCH have fundamentally and positively transformed the life of a nine-year-old Vietnamese boy named Quyet. His story is just one example of how we have been able to support thousands of affected individuals – thanks to our valued project partners and donors.

GCCH is also involved in the exhibition “War Without End: The Toxic Legacy of the Vietnam War – 50 Years On”:

  • 18 April – 11 May
  • Photobastei Zurich (photobastei.ch)
  • Further information Ӏ directions from Zurich main station
  • Free admission
  • Opening hours: Wednesday and Sunday: 12pm – 6pm; Thursday – Saturday: 12pm – 9pm

We warmly invite anyone interested to attend the vernissage on 17 April at 6pm. This event presents a great opportunity to engage with Green Cross representatives, experience the exhibition with us and learn more about our ongoing work in Vietnam. We look forward to welcoming you!

The exhibition features powerful images captured by award-winning photographer Roland Schmid, who has a long-standing collaboration with our partner, freelance journalist, photographer and filmmaker Peter Jaeggi. Jaeggi’s work includes the informative and deeply moving book “Krieg ohne Ende. Chemiewaffen im Vietnamkrieg, Agent Orange und andere Kriegsverbrechen” (War without End: Chemical Weapons in the Vietnam War, Agent Orange and Other War Crimes). We highly recommend reading this book – find out more here.

Further links:

The photograph featured in this article was taken by Roland Schmid.

20.03.2025

Committed to victims of Agent Orange for 22 years

The team of Green Cross Switzerland met Dr. Daniel Hueskes and his son Benjamin Hueskes. The two orthopaedists gave insights into their voluntary activities: provision of orthopaedic aids and surgical treatment for children and young adults with disabilities.

Prior to his first journey to Vietnam in 2003, Daniel Hueskes asked his son: «Benjamin, what do you think? Should I do that? » He answered: «Yes, but then you have to give up your holidays. » This is how 22 years ago the cooperation with Green Cross Switzerland began.

Great emphasis was placed on the sustainability of the orthopaedic projects. Based on the experience on a different project, where 30 children were provided with orthoses, only to discover upon the follow-up that none of the aids were on the children’s legs anymore, Daniel Hueskes said to himself in the year 2003:

«No, never again! I want to involve local orthopaedists or orthopaedic doctors, and that the provision is carried out with materials from Vietnam. It is not sufficient to simply use highly technical material. Help for self-help needs to be promoted».

It is important to renew children’s orthoses and prostheses after one year because of children’s rapid growth. «When the person who made the prosthesis is already on site, then they can complete the prosthesis accordingly and make a new cast», says Daniel Hueskes.

Benjamin Hueskes adds: «That is of course the whole point: training the people in Vietnam in such a way so that they can do the fitting themselves, even when we aren’t there. This has already been done before. We just offer support and conduct training. We don’t take stuff from Switzerland. It doesn’t work that way that they request us to make casts and we bring them there. No, we do it together on-site. We support and advise them, but in principle they can do it themselves».

For the most part, the required orthoses and prostheses are produced in Vietnam. This is important because various factors, such as humidity, must be considered. Only in exceptional cases, the Basel-based orthopaedists bring something to Vietnam. Currently they are preparing for a fitting for a young woman. She has no shinbone and  the bones are shortened (verkürzte Knochen). Without a prosthesis she walks on her joint. During the Corona pandemic, she received prostheses, which, however, are very heavy, weighing 3.5 kg. For the first time, she managed to get a job and is happy to lead a self-determined life. Yet, she always has to wear these heavy prostheses at work. In this particular case, two prosthetic foot fittings (Prothesenfüsse-Passteile) will be brought from Switzerland. They are at least one and a half kilos lighter, which will make the young women’s life much easier.

«I wanted to know whether he wanted to live»

Over the course of their voluntary work, Daniel und Benjamin Hueskes have met many people with difficult fates. We asked whether there was a case among the people whom they have met so far in Vietnam, which they remember particularly vividly. “Yes,” Daniel Hueskes answered with deep emotion.

What is Agent Orange?

Agent Orange is a chemical defoliant contaminated with a highly toxic dioxin TCDD. The name comes from the orange stripes, with which the barrels were marked. The American Air Force sprayed a total of 45’677’837 litres between 1962 and 1971, to defoliate the jungle and thus gain a strategic advantage in the Vietnam war. The toxic TCDD persists in the environment for a very long time and can still be found in the soil, water and thus in the nutrition cycle. The toxin causes heritable genetic mutations, deformities and other severe diseases.

Dr. Daniel Hueskes

Already in the 1960s, when thalidomide-related deformities started to surge, Daniel Hueskes had developed and built pioneering orthopaedic aids for children with deformed or missing limbs.

The use of the sleeping pill and tranquilliser, thalidomide, led to a surge of severe deformities and missing limbs and organs in newborns.

22.03.2024

“Krieg ohne Ende” – Interview with Peter Jaeggi

“Krieg ohne Ende” – Interview with Peter Jaeggi

Freelance journalist, photographer, and filmmaker Peter Jaeggi has dedicated himself to extensively researching the effects of disasters. His latest book, titled “Krieg ohne Ende (War Without End),” delves into the enduring consequences of the use of the highly toxic herbicide ‘Agent Orange’ during the Vietnam War. Jaeggi’s work serves to raise awareness of these long-term repercussions. It is a contribution to ensuring that those affected are not forgotten.

In an interview with Green Cross Switzerland, Peter Jaeggi offers insights into his latest book, distinguished by meticulous on-site research.

What inspired you to write this book, and why is it personally significant to you?
It all began with Roland Wiederkehr. I had known the former National Councillor and founder of Green Cross Switzerland long before its inception, back when he served as the first managing director of the Swiss WWF. In the late 1990s, Roland Wiederkehr invited me to Belarus on behalf of Green Cross to document the long-term effects of the Chernobyl disaster. Belarus bore the brunt of the catastrophic meltdown. Green Cross also sent me to Vietnam to investigate the long-term consequences of the Vietnam War. My first book on the subject was published in 2000 under the title “When My Child Was Born, I Was Very Sad.” This second extensive journalistic endeavor has stayed with me ever since. The new book, “Krieg ohne Ende,” marks my third exploration of the use of chemical weapons during that time.

While crafting your book, you embarked on comprehensive on-site research, conducting numerous interviews with individuals affected by Agent Orange. Is there a particular encounter that left a lasting impression on you?
There are many. During our initial research expedition, we met Phan Thi Cuc, a young mother, and her three children. The sight of the two older children, born with enormous deformities, was deeply distressing. I had never witnessed such severe deformities in a human being. Their father had been exposed to Agent Orange, containing dioxin, during the war, resulting in genetic damage. He was unable to bear the sight of his disabled children and tragically ended his own life – using a pesticide. Most interactions with victims and their families get under your skin. Many of the affected individuals require constant care, often amidst financial hardship and a lack of external support. This struggle often spans decades, as the children age and suitable facilities remain scarce.

You assert: “An encyclopaedia illustrates: Half the world was embroiled in the Vietnam War.” Could you illustrate what you mean by this?
Here are just a few examples: Switzerland provided time fuses and Pilatus Porter airplanes, which were utilized for bomb drops and capable of being outfitted with machine guns. Alongside Americans, soldiers from Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and South Korea were actively engaged on the frontlines in Vietnam. East Germany established an air defense system, while West Germany dispatched thousands of technicians, including specialists in weapon systems. The Japanese island of Okinawa served as the primary airbase for the United States during the Vietnam War. Over a thousand nuclear bombs, as well as nerve gas and Agent Orange, were stockpiled there.

 The central and indispensable main theme of your book revolves around the victims of Agent Orange. Was it especially significant for you to amplify the voices of these victims, who are often swiftly forgotten, irrespective of conflicts?
Disasters and wars don’t just conclude when the weapons cease firing, especially not for the victims. As exemplified by Vietnam, wars can inflict enduring harm on both individuals and the environment for generations. The Vietnamese victims’ association, VAVA, is already talking about the fifth generation of children born with Agent Orange-related disabilities. It is impossible to predict how many more generations will be affected. What is paramount is that the plight of these victims doesn’t fade into obscurity and that we raise awareness of their suffering.

How do you evaluate the current situation of affected individuals in Vietnam?
I have consistently asked war veterans about their feelings toward the United States today. Almost universally, their initial response has been: “What’s done is done. One must suppress one’s feelings to move forward, to look ahead.” But is this truly reflective of their heartfelt emotions? In traditional Vietnamese culture, the expression of pain and grief is frequently veiled in silence. Conversing with war victims over time frequently reveals a sense of disappointment that Washington has never issued an apology for the war. While the U.S. has been assisting in the cleanup of heavily contaminated Agent Orange hotspots for years, with hundreds of millions invested, many of those affected have voiced grievances during my interviews, asserting that victims are being neglected and are not receiving adequate support.

What do you believe is necessary today to do right by the victims of this disaster?
There is a pressing need for increased financial support to enable affected families to live with dignity. For example, overwhelmed parents require the help of caregivers. More commitment from the U.S. is urgently needed here – but also Vietnam itself. Additionally, there is a lack of reliable statistics on the number of victims, which is crucial for planning assistance effectively. How can efficient aid be provided when the actual number of victims remains unknown? – The head physician of a large hospital complained in an interview about the incomplete training of his doctors. According to him, timely recognition and treatment of birth defects pose significant challenges. However, early detection by a professional is crucial for the long-term health outcomes of affected individuals.

In your book, you also discuss the plight of affected veterans. How has the situation evolved for (U.S.) military personnel?
It’s often overlooked that hundreds of thousands of American veterans from the Vietnam War are also grappling with the effects of Agent Orange exposure. In the U.S., a veteran is not required to prove that their suffering is directly linked to Agent Orange; it is sufficient for them to demonstrate their service during the Vietnam War for their medical treatment to be covered. In contrast, the U.S. demands proof from Vietnamese Agent Orange victims, which cannot be feasibly provided based on stringent scientific criteria. For instance, determining the extent to which poisoning resulted from Agent Orange versus other sources is impossible. This is a key factor that has driven Washington and U.S. courts to consistently reject compensation claims thus far. Consequently, in the eyes of official America, there exist two categories of Agent Orange victims: domestic veterans, some of whom are acknowledged as suffering from Agent Orange-related illnesses, and Vietnamese veterans, whom Washington refuses to recognize as victims of poisoning. American Vietnam War veteran Chuck Searcy denounces this disparity as a “criminal double standard.” Searcy is one of the former soldiers who chose to remain in Vietnam and are doing great humanitarian work there. Notably, he co-founded “Project Renew,” an NGO that is dedicated to detecting and disposing of unexploded ordnance, thereby saving innumerable lives.

You also deal with the necessary judicial proceedings, which often resemble a “David versus Goliath” battle. Nearly all claims for compensation against the manufacturers of Agent Orange are dismissed on the basis that a direct link between Agent Orange and deformities cannot be established. Is there any hope for the continuation of these lawsuits in the future?
Currently, there is significant optimism surrounding the ongoing legal proceedings initiated by Vietnamese-French environmental activist Tran To Nga. As a former “Vietcong,” a term used derogatorily to refer to members of the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam, she filed a lawsuit against the largest manufacturers of Agent Orange for damages in 2014. Initially, Tran To Nga lost the case after years of protracted legal battles, marked by occasionally sensational claims. In 2021, the court of first instance in Évry justified its ruling by stating that companies acting on behalf of the state were entitled to immunity from prosecution. However, the 82-year-old’s legal team has appealed the decision. France’s highest court of appeal in Paris is set to deliver what probably will be the final verdict this May. – Why is the trial taking place in France? Because French legislation has a unique characteristic: in France, unlike in other countries, individuals can also file lawsuits against a foreign state if it causes harm to a citizen.

 To mitigate the risk of Agent Orange, it’s crucial to decontaminate the soil in dioxin hotspots. The U.S. has invested millions in this effort. However, some experts question the effectiveness of the decontamination method employed. Could you elaborate on this further?
In 2018, the former U.S. airbase and Agent Orange transshipment center in Da Nang completed a cleanup costing around 110 million euros. Official reports state that the dioxin-contaminated soil was heated to 360 degrees to neutralize the toxin into harmless compounds. However, during the process, some of the dioxin-containing fumes escaped into the air, recontaminating the surrounding area. The extent of this contamination remains unknown. – Currently, the largest decontamination operation is underway approximately 500 kilometers further south, in Bien Hoa, using the same method. Lorenz Adrian from the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research in Leipzig, who has been at the forefront of dioxin research for decades, criticizes the method used in Da Nang and now in Bien Hoa. He argues that complete destruction of the dioxin is unachievable with the heat process. Adrian has proposed an alternative solution to the Vietnamese government. This solution seems surprising at first glance, but he deems it safe: With the aid of specialized bacteria, it can be ensured that even highly hazardous toxins in the soil are rendered biologically harmless. According to Adrian, this method is applicable even in urban areas, and all that is required is a borehole, followed by the introduction of bacteria—and patience. Although it takes many years for dioxin to degrade, the process is safe and significantly more cost-effective than the thermal method.

What have you personally gleaned from your extensive experience with this issue, particularly concerning other global hotspots?
Allow me to respond with a question of my own. In the wake of catastrophic wars such as those in Vietnam, and amidst ongoing conflicts globally, the rallying cry of “No more war, ever!” seems the most natural, logical, and morally imperative sentiment. Yet, why does war persist? Could a portion of the answer lie in educational deficiencies? The reason this has crossed my mind is recent reports detailing how some Swiss schoolchildren view Hitler as an iconic figure. It’s unfathomable!

 

The Agent Orange photos accompanying Peter Jaeggi’s works have been realised since 1999 by award-winning Basel photographer Roland Schmid https://www.schmidroland.ch/

You can purchase the book ‘Krieg ohne Ende’ through the following link. Please note that the book is available only in German. With the code ‘Green Cross’, 5 francs will be donated to aid projects in Vietnam for every copy purchased.

13.12.2023

Solar energy in Ukraine

Solar energy in Ukraine

Solar energy is not a new topic in Ukraine, but has become increasingly important in the country in recent years. This is according to a joint status report published in 2021 by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) and the Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21). The study examined renewable energy in 17 countries in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia and Southeast Europe between 2017 and 2021. It is noted that the capacity of renewable energy in the region has increased significantly (by 21 gigawatts = 1 billion watts, to 106 GW), with photovoltaics accounting for the largest increase at 58%. The authors note that renewable energy has seen particularly strong growth in Ukraine.

Ukraine on the right track, but there is still room for expansion

Of the 17 countries (including Ukraine, Russia and Kazakhstan), the increase in wind and solar energy was highest in Ukraine with more than 8 GW. With the equivalent of 3.4 billion US dollars, the country ranked 17th worldwide in terms of investment in renewable energy. Solar energy is being promoted domestically on open spaces and also in private households. However, public and private investment in the region is rather modest. While investments in green energy in the EU, for example, amounted to more than USD 55 billion in 2018, the funds invested in renewable energy in the region under review amounted to around USD 7.2 billion in the same year. According to the UNECE, Ukraine is also still heavily dependent on fossil fuels, which accounted for 70% of the primary energy supply in 2020.

Russian invasion of Ukraine and damage to infrastructure

The invasion of Ukraine by the Russian army also severely restricted the production of renewable energy. According to the report, 90% of the previous wind energy capacity and 30% of the solar capacity was no longer in operation in June 2022.

The targeted destruction of infrastructure therefore not only affected the Ukrainian energy sector, but also health and educational facilities in particular. By October 2023, more than 4,000 educational institutions and healthcare facilities had been damaged and more than 150,000 residential buildings destroyed. It is therefore obvious that the power supply is also at great risk.

Restoring the power supply through photovoltaics is therefore also an opportunity for the country. However, the war does not currently permit any further development of the solar industry in Ukraine, which must focus primarily on survival. Support for Ukraine in maintaining solar energy is already being driven forward. For example, the German Solar Industry Association (BSW) has supported a photovoltaic system on the roof of a school in Irpin under the “Solar helps” fundraising campaign. In addition, the BSW, together with SolarPower Europe and the Ukrainian Solar Energy Association (ASEU), has set itself the goal of using solar energy to counteract the recurring power cuts in schools and hospitals caused by the war with further fundraising campaigns.

Potential scenario for renewable energy supply by 2050

The UNECE estimates the potential of bioenergy, hydropower, solar and wind energy in Ukraine to be particularly high and these could be the building blocks of Ukraine’s energy system in the future, contributing around 80% of total energy production by 2050. The challenge of implementing major investments and strategies in a targeted manner remains, especially after the war has ended. However, it is clear that, together with nuclear energy, renewable energies can lead Ukraine to a carbon-neutral future.

Green Cross Switzerland’s commitment to renewable energies

A sustainable approach to our planet based on scientific knowledge has been important to Green Cross Switzerland since its foundation and has become even more important in recent years. That is why we are planning to specifically promote and support renewable energy supply in Ukraine next year, 2024. The aim is to support the population with renewable energy in areas directly affected by the war and the region close to the Chernobyl nuclear disaster.

 

 

Further information can be found here:

 

07.12.2023

Volunteer team of experts back in Vietnam in fall 2023

Volunteer team of experts back in Vietnam in fall 2023

Since 2004, Swiss orthopaedists and doctors have been working on a voluntary basis in cooperation with Green Cross Switzerland to help those affected by “Agent Orange” and usually travel to Vietnam once or twice a year. The Swiss specialists work closely with local specialists, train them and share their experiences. The specialist knowledge is also imparted by the Swiss experts at the training center for orthopaedic technicians (Vietcot) in Hanoi. Green Cross Switzerland supports the team of experts with infrastructure, materials and logistics.

Another trip to Vietnam was organized in autumn 2023, in which the orthopaedic specialists Dr. med. h.c. Daniel Hueskes and Benjamin Hueskes and the physicians Dr. Jiri Skarvan and Dr. Christiane Brinkmann took part. They also visited the Vietcot during a two-week stay. The doctors carried out medical histories, examinations and treatments, primarily on children and adolescents. The extended visit also allowed local specialist staff to be instructed accordingly. In addition to visiting the Vietcot, the team also visited local hospitals in Hanoi and Thai Nguyen.

Help on site

During this time, 11 patients from the Vietcot and 15 patients from the children’s hospital in Vinh who suffered from cerebral palsy or other musculoskeletal disorders or had clubfeet were successfully examined by the Swiss specialists. As the transfer of knowledge at Vietcot (training center) plays a central role in the professionalization of healthcare staff, orthopaedic technicians and nurses in training also took part in the examinations. In addition, Benjamin Hueskes (CPO-D) and Cedric Pischel (OT) organized a prosthesis seminar for orthopaedic technicians. During the five-day seminar, five patients were fitted with prostheses by the participants. In Thai Nyguen, in addition to the 21 examinations, 9 operations were carried out and 4 children were fitted with prostheses and orthoses.

The cooperation with the volunteer team of experts is particularly valuable for Green Cross Switzerland. In addition to helping the people affected by Agent Orange, the team also serves as a link to local partners or health facilities and the international transfer of knowledge. Green Cross Switzerland would like to express its sincere thanks for the many years of cooperation and looks forward to Dr. med. h.c. Daniel Hueskes and Dr. med. Dr. h.c. Claude Müller into the patronage in October 2023.

12.09.2023

Destruction of infrastructure in Ukraine

Destruction of infrastructure in Ukraine

The destruction of (critical) infrastructure has steadily increased since the Russian invasion in February 2022. As a result of the acts of war, private houses, apartments or publicly accessible infrastructure such as shopping centers, bridges or roads are (un)intentionally damaged time and again. The destruction of the Kakhovka dam near Kherson is a tragic example of the disabling of critical infrastructure.

Much of the destruction and damage to infrastructure takes place near the fronts in the east and southeast of the country. However, areas away from the war zones are also repeatedly hit; in Kiev, for example, missiles struck in June. Russian attacks not only kill people and animals directly, but also damage the respective infrastructure. Moreover, reconstruction is costly and regional authorities cannot always cover all the damage, which is why people are also dependent on aid.

The Kyiv School of Economics calculated that by April 2023, the total amount of direct, documented damage inflicted on Ukrainian infrastructure by the Russian invasion would be $147.5 billion. In the meantime, this amount needs to be raised – and will continue to be raised – in the future. While about one-third of this amount is due to damage to or destruction of homes ($54.4 billion), damage to infrastructure is estimated at one-quarter (about $36.2 billion).

The fact that the destruction of infrastructure can also develop into a global catastrophe in the worst case is illustrated by the attacks on ports along the Danube in southeastern Ukraine. Since August, numerous Russian drone attacks have repeatedly damaged or destroyed the infrastructure of the ports, as it is at these infrastructures that wheat is loaded, which is used for export. The destruction of the wheat has not only resulted in negative losses for Ukraine’s economy, but also poses further challenges for the recipient states.

Green Cross Switzerland’s contribution for the renewed repair of infrastructure.

The destruction of (critical) infrastructure in Ukraine is also a key issue for Green Cross Switzerland. In its work in Ukraine, the foundation focuses on the repair of infrastructure and the delivery of items for everyday life, in addition to the delivery of systems for the purification of drinking water and humanitarian goods. In the spring, a boat engine was provided to the rescuers of the Novhorod-Siverskyj State Service for Emergency Situations. The technical infrastructure helped rescue victims of the floods in the northeast of the country. During the summer, more than 200 children in the Kherson and Mikolayiv regions also received backpacks for everyday school life, and destroyed windows were financed with the support of Green Cross Switzerland. Further assistance is being planned at this time.

The reconstruction of the infrastructures in Ukraine will take several years. Therefore, Green Cross Switzerland has set itself the goal to also help with the reconstruction in the future.

Learn more about the topic here:

08.08.2023

International Agent Orange Memorial Day

International Agent Orange Memorial Day

On August 10, the world remembers the victims who were hit and affected by the use of the defoliant “Agent Orange” during the same day of 1961 to 1971. In the midst of the Vietnam War, U.S. troops used the herbicide to uncover hiding places of the North Vietnamese armies, which were protected by the jungle. On the other hand, the highly toxic substance was used to try to destroy crops that could feed army personnel.

Agent Orange unfortunately had an aggressive effect on those affected and on the local environment. The after-effects of its use can still be felt today. Even small amounts of a component of Agent Orange, called tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD), can lead to cancer, organ damage or malformations in children. Among Vietnamese, exposure to Agent Orange is accordingly believed to be the cause of an unusually high number of miscarriages, skin diseases, cancers, birth defects, and congenital malformations that have occurred since the 1970s.

The Vietnamese Association of Victims of Agent Orange estimates that there are more than three million victims of Agent Orange, and hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese and U.S. military personnel are suffering from the long-term effects of the herbicide. The U.S. has so far made only small contributions to improving the situation; its support is primarily for its own veterans.

To ensure that the consequences for victims of Agent Orange are not forgotten, Vietnam introduced the Agent Orange Memorial Day, which is supported by many NGOs, social institutions or individuals. It is also an opportunity for different communities – from Vietnamese, to American soldiers, to family members of those who lost their lives – to come together to support all those who continue to suffer from the effects of Agent Orange.

Green Cross Switzerland has therefore been committed to the victims of Agent Orange for more than 20 years and tries to alleviate the suffering of those affected. For this reason, Green Cross Switzerland is also committed to Agent Orange Day and would like to commemorate all victims of the defoliant. The commitment to those affected will continue to be an important goal in the work of the foundation.